A fence energizer, also known as an electric fence charger or energizer unit, is a device used in electric fencing systems. Electric fencing is a method of containing livestock and keeping unwanted animals out of an area by delivering a non-lethal electric shock when an animal comes into contact with the electrified wires. Fence energizers play a crucial role in powering these systems.
Here are the key components and functions of a fence energizer:

1. Power Supply: Most fence energizers are powered by electricity, either from a mains power source or a battery, including solar-powered options. Some energizers are also powered by a combination of these sources, which can provide backup power in case of outages.
2. Pulse Generator: The heart of the fence energizer is a pulse generator that creates periodic bursts of electrical energy, often in the form of high-voltage, low-current pulses. These pulses are sent down the electrified wires to create an electrified barrier.
3. Output Terminals: The energizer has output terminals or wires that connect to the electrified fence wires. These wires deliver the electric pulse to the fence.
4. Voltage and Joules: Fence energizers are typically rated by their output voltage (measured in volts) and joules (energy delivered per pulse). The higher the voltage and joules, the more effective the fence will be at deterring animals. Voltage alone doesn't cause harm, but it acts as a deterrent by creating a "bite" that animals can feel. Joules represent the power behind each pulse, and a higher joule rating means a more powerful shock.
5. Fence energizers are commonly used in agriculture to create boundaries for livestock and protect crops from wildlife. They are also used for security purposes and in wildlife management to create barriers that deter animals from certain areas. The electric shock delivered by these systems is designed to be non-lethal and merely acts as a deterrent, effectively training animals to avoid the fence.